隨著天氣轉暖，冰雪消融，不少小夥伴戶外遊玩的DNA又動起來了。
那麼除了爬山、賞花、露營、野餐之外，還有什麼活動特別適合春天嗎？
答案是觀察候鳥遷徙。
鳥類遷徙是候鳥在繁殖地與越冬地之間沿相對固定的路線定期往返的習性。
很多小夥伴可能並不知道，全球共有9條候鳥遷飛通道，其中途經中國的就有4條。
而為了保護通道，中國濕地類型自然保護地總數達2200多個，幾乎覆蓋了通道的所有重點地點。
Four of nine major bird migration channels in the world pass through China. To protect the channels，China has built more than 2,200 wetland-type nature reserves and a large number of wetland conservation communities，covering almost all key sites on the channels，according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
得益於中國對濕地和候鳥的大力保護，很多珍稀瀕危種群數量得到增加。
這也意味著我們有機會看到的候鳥種類也越來越多。
去年12月，上海崇明東灘鳥類國家級自然保護區工作人員在開展專項監測過程中，共記錄到小天鵝2900餘隻。
此次記錄再次刷新了近20年來小天鵝在東灘保護區的數量記錄。
In December，staff members at the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve recorded more than 2,900 tundra swans during a special monitoring session，up from some 1,000 seen during the winter in 2021. Data from the Shanghai Forestry Bureau showed that in the 1980s，more than 3,000 of the swans wintered at the reserve. The number of the birds decreased for a time — at one point，only dozens of them were seen — but thanks to restoration efforts，the migration population has rebounded.
今年2月，湖南省林業局組織了2022-2023年度洞庭湖冬季水鳥同步調查。
調查覆蓋了洞庭湖23個縣市區，記錄到水鳥72種，其中，青頭潛鴨、灰鶴也在其中。
珍稀瀕危物種黑臉琵鷺時隔五年再次現身洞庭湖。
In February，the forestry bureau in Hunan province reported 72 species of water-birds that were spending this past winter at Dongting Lake，which stretches across several counties and cities. Mallards and Eurasian cranes are among the birds staying at the lake. Black-faced spoonbills，a rare and endangered species，were also spotted at Dongting after an absence of five years. The number of the spoonbills has increased from 300 in the 1980s to more than 5,000 now，according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
鄱陽湖是中國第一大淡水湖也是中國第二大湖。
這裡的環境和氣候條件均適合候鳥越冬，是白鶴等珍稀水禽及森林鳥類的重要棲息地和越冬地。
Poyang Lake is China’s largest freshwater lake and its second largest lake overall. The environment and climate here are suitable for migratory birds to winter. The lake is an important habitat and wintering ground for forest birds and rare waterfowl such as Siberian crane.
鄱陽湖現有已知鳥類310種，留鳥45種，冬候鳥155種，夏候鳥107種，迷鳥3種。
The lake now has a record of 310 species of birds. There are 45 species of resident birds，155 species of winter migratory birds，107 species of breeding birds and three species of straggler birds.
全國鳥類環志中心教授錢法文及其科研團隊自1999年至今，一直參與鄱陽湖水鳥調查，白鶴在世界自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄中被列為極度瀕危物種。
即便如此，在過去的20年裡，鳥類的數量已經從大約3000隻增加到5000多隻。
The Siberian crane is listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Even so，the population of the birds has risen from about 3,000 to more than 5,000 over the past 20 years，according to Qian Fawen，a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China，part of the Chinese Academy of Forestry，who has been observing the birds around the lake since 1999.
鄱陽湖的水位決定了鳥類是否適合在那裡棲息。
然而，氣候變化導致水平異常波動。
錢教授說，『在某些年份，湖泊會經歷洪水，而某些年份，它會遭受幹旱。
這兩種情況都會在鶴的棲息地造成食物短缺』
Qian said that Poyang’s water levels determine whether it is suitable for the birds to nest there. However，climate change has caused the levels to fluctuate abnormally. “In some years，the lake experiences floods，while in others，it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes’ habitat,” he said.
白鶴主要以苦草等植物為食。
在洪水或幹旱期間，草不能很好地生長，所以鳥類會前往農田尋找食物。
The Siberian crane feeds on plants such as eelgrass. During periods of flooding or drought，the grass doesn’t grow well，so the birds head for farmland to look for food.
為了幫助解決這個問題，江西省政府在南昌建造了70公頃的蓮藕，為鶴提供冬季的棲息。
『為了保護它們，我們需要保護它們的棲息地，主要是濕地，』錢法文說。
To help solve this problem，the Jiangxi provincial government has built 70 hectares of lotus roots in Nanchang to provide substance during the winter for the cranes. “To protect them，we need to protect their habitat，which is mainly wetland,” he said.
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出品人：徐小丹 紀濤
監制：田馳 雷小峋
視覺設計：楊柳 李筱甜
動畫制作：李欣磊 李晉
記者：李弘揚
編輯：李佩宣 趙欣瑩
字幕翻譯：谷燁華 Jamal Branford
顧問：陳亮
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